Saturday, October 2, 2010
Friday, September 24, 2010
Reflection - Prototype
1. What are the difficulties that you have encountered during the process?
I realised that my product was just a clump of everything together, it did not have a specific part which is special and I can work on
2. How do you overcome the difficulties encountered?
I decided to make a new feature on the trolley (my product), the feature would be a "pull-able" umbrella attached to the back of the chair, meaning that when the elderly is sitting on the chair, he/she does not need to turn around to open the umbrella
3. What are the 2 key takeaways for this lesson?
I learnt how to make simple prototypes out of cardboard
I learn that I must plan ahead (now I am struggling on how to make my product model)
I realised that my product was just a clump of everything together, it did not have a specific part which is special and I can work on
2. How do you overcome the difficulties encountered?
I decided to make a new feature on the trolley (my product), the feature would be a "pull-able" umbrella attached to the back of the chair, meaning that when the elderly is sitting on the chair, he/she does not need to turn around to open the umbrella
3. What are the 2 key takeaways for this lesson?
I learnt how to make simple prototypes out of cardboard
I learn that I must plan ahead (now I am struggling on how to make my product model)
Monday, July 19, 2010
Ergonomics (Product description and Idea Trigger)
i) Describe the product. (Appearance, Color, Function, etc)
The product has a clump of silver-coloured strings (that are curled like springs) on the end of it. It has a blue handle and body. It is used to scrub things such as dirty dishes.
ii) What are the design considerations when designing this product?
- Is it safe?
- How can it help people? (Is it useful?)
- Is the material water-proof?
iii) Would an elderly faced difficulty using this product? If yes, what are the difficulties that the elderly would face?
There would not be a lot of difficulty faced by the elderly. The clump of silver-coloured strings is circular in shape which makes washing dishes easier (scrub in circular motion), also, the handle is long so that the elderly can use less effort if they hold it at the end. One difficulty they may face (although unlikely) is when the product "flies" out of their hand because they do not have enough strength to hold dishes and the product at the same time.
iv) What do you think can be done to improve on the design of the product to suit the elderly? (Sketch the improved design in your sketchbook and take a picture of it. Post the improved sketch at the end of your post.)
I think we can add an elastic band on the handle of the product. The band can be adjusted (movable) to a comfortable length for the elderly. The band can help to fasten the elderly's hand while holding onto the product.
Friday, July 16, 2010
Ergonomics II
1. What is Ergonomics?
- the study of people's efficiency in their working environment
[Taken from Apple Mac Book Pro Dictionary]
2. What are the 5 aspects of Ergonomics?
- Safety
- Comfort
- Ease of use
- Productivity/performance
- Aesthetics
3. For each aspects of Ergonomics, explain with an example of a product that is designed for the elderly, how the product meet that particular aspect of Ergonomics.
Safety
Hand railings in bathrooms
- it provides hand support for the elderly so that they would not injure themselves in the slippery bathroom
http://www.ilcaustralia.org/search4.asp?state=VIC&page=1&MC=81&MinC=70
Comfort
Massage chairs for elderly to relax
- it massages the elderly
http://www.wisecare.com.au/t/Beds/8.aspx
Ease of use
Raised toilet seat
- add a few inches to the height of the toilet (different heights available)
The elderly would not have to lower him/ herself to reach the toilet seat.
http://www.medimart.com/Medical%20Mart%20Retail%20Website/toiletseats.html
Productivity/performance
Stair Lifts
- helps elderly to go up staircases efficiently
http://www.4-medical-supplies.com/products/SLsummitac.html
Aesthetics
Playing cards with large prints
- for elderly who have eyesight problems, the playing cards keep them entertained
http://store.yourspecialneedssolutions.com/Recreational/Large-Print-Playing-Cards-W/Tray/prod_91.html
- the study of people's efficiency in their working environment
[Taken from Apple Mac Book Pro Dictionary]
2. What are the 5 aspects of Ergonomics?
- Safety
- Comfort
- Ease of use
- Productivity/performance
- Aesthetics
3. For each aspects of Ergonomics, explain with an example of a product that is designed for the elderly, how the product meet that particular aspect of Ergonomics.
Safety
Hand railings in bathrooms
- it provides hand support for the elderly so that they would not injure themselves in the slippery bathroom
http://www.ilcaustralia.org/search4.asp?state=VIC&page=1&MC=81&MinC=70
Comfort
Massage chairs for elderly to relax
- it massages the elderly
http://www.wisecare.com.au/t/Beds/8.aspx
Ease of use
Raised toilet seat
- add a few inches to the height of the toilet (different heights available)
The elderly would not have to lower him/ herself to reach the toilet seat.
http://www.medimart.com/Medical%20Mart%20Retail%20Website/toiletseats.html
Productivity/performance
Stair Lifts
- helps elderly to go up staircases efficiently
http://www.4-medical-supplies.com/products/SLsummitac.html
Aesthetics
Playing cards with large prints
- for elderly who have eyesight problems, the playing cards keep them entertained
http://store.yourspecialneedssolutions.com/Recreational/Large-Print-Playing-Cards-W/Tray/prod_91.html
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
Ergonomics I
1. Compare the 2 different workplaces, state your observations.
The workplace on the left :
- the workspace is very little and cause the man to experience some difficulties (no freedom)
- the chair is very uncomfortable and the man cannot work properly as he is too busy trying to find the comfortable height
- the lighting is bad and the man has trouble reading and doing his work
- the words on the monitor screen can't be seen and the man went to the extreme to read the words, which is very troublesome and tiring for him
- the laptop screen is very low as such the man has a terrible time straining his neck to type, he also tried different methods to "raise" the laptop but it is very uncomfortable
The workplace on the left is thus a very uncomfortable place to work in.
The workplace on the right:
- the desk is very clean and neat so the man has more space
- the chair can be adjusted according to the man's wishes so he can do his work comfortably
- the lighting is good and the man can do his work properly
- the monitor can be adjusted so that he can read properly
- there is a laptop holder to "raise" the laptop so the man can type at ease
The workplace on the right is a suitable place to work in (can work effectively and efficiently).
2. Which workplace is preferred? State with reasons why one workplace is preferred over the other.
The workplace on the right is preferred as the design of the workplace allow the person to work in comfort without any trouble (eg, too cram, too messy, can't see etc).
Designs include :
- an adjustable chair
- a railing for placing items so as to have more desk space
- an adjustable monitor
- an adjustable lamp
- a laptop holder
All these designs make the workplace on the right a preferred place.
3. What are the considerations that should be taken into account when designing a workplace that is suitable for the user?
- comfortable (freedom, space)
- simple
- useful
4. Why do you think that Ergonomics is important when designing?
(Ergonomics : the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.
Taken from Apple Macbook Pro Dictionary)
So that during designing, the designer would know that he/she needs to take into account whether the product is useful for the customer in the aspect of efficiency (customers would buy the product if it helps them in being efficient).
Ergonomics
-Study/Designing of work place/work environment
-Work place of elderly - home, shopping mall, transport, bus terminals
Considerations
-Comfort
-Safety
The workplace on the left :
- the workspace is very little and cause the man to experience some difficulties (no freedom)
- the chair is very uncomfortable and the man cannot work properly as he is too busy trying to find the comfortable height
- the lighting is bad and the man has trouble reading and doing his work
- the words on the monitor screen can't be seen and the man went to the extreme to read the words, which is very troublesome and tiring for him
- the laptop screen is very low as such the man has a terrible time straining his neck to type, he also tried different methods to "raise" the laptop but it is very uncomfortable
The workplace on the left is thus a very uncomfortable place to work in.
The workplace on the right:
- the desk is very clean and neat so the man has more space
- the chair can be adjusted according to the man's wishes so he can do his work comfortably
- the lighting is good and the man can do his work properly
- the monitor can be adjusted so that he can read properly
- there is a laptop holder to "raise" the laptop so the man can type at ease
The workplace on the right is a suitable place to work in (can work effectively and efficiently).
2. Which workplace is preferred? State with reasons why one workplace is preferred over the other.
The workplace on the right is preferred as the design of the workplace allow the person to work in comfort without any trouble (eg, too cram, too messy, can't see etc).
Designs include :
- an adjustable chair
- a railing for placing items so as to have more desk space
- an adjustable monitor
- an adjustable lamp
- a laptop holder
All these designs make the workplace on the right a preferred place.
3. What are the considerations that should be taken into account when designing a workplace that is suitable for the user?
- comfortable (freedom, space)
- simple
- useful
4. Why do you think that Ergonomics is important when designing?
(Ergonomics : the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.
Taken from Apple Macbook Pro Dictionary)
So that during designing, the designer would know that he/she needs to take into account whether the product is useful for the customer in the aspect of efficiency (customers would buy the product if it helps them in being efficient).
Ergonomics
-Study/Designing of work place/work environment
-Work place of elderly - home, shopping mall, transport, bus terminals
Considerations
-Comfort
-Safety
Holiday work - Part 3: Tools to be learnt in Semester 2
The bed for the elderly would be inclinable so that when the elderly feel uncomfortable (like backaches), they could adjust the bed angle.
Beside the bed, there would be a hand bar (Hand Bar No. 1) so as to help the elderly get out of bed.
A television is placed in front of the bed so that seniors could sit comfortably in the bed (another use for inclinable beds) and watch shows.
There is a bedside table so that the elderly can put objects (eg, remote control, glass of water, reading spectacles, alarm clock, lamp, small fan etc) for easy reach in bed.
The wardrobe would be made of light but sturdy materials so that the elderly could open it easily.
Hand Bar No. 2 and the stool help the elderly when he/she changes clothes. The hand bar lets the elderly hold on to it and also to hang clothes. He/She could then sit on the stool and change.
Wednesday, June 23, 2010
Elderly Challenge - Observation 4
I noticed that some of our seniors, despite their age, continue to do grocery shopping and they have a terrible time trying to carry the load, especially when they need to walk from place to place. This is very tiring and tough for our elderly. Some of them might hire maids to help them with the chore. How about those who do not hire maids (due to personal reasons or so)?
This incident reminded me of a short clip from Mr. Bean animated series (yeah I used to love watching Mr Bean HAHAHA).
From 0:59 to 1:05
I feel that we could make a trolley like that for our elderly to use when shopping. Each supermarket (or any other kind of markets) could allow our seniors to use these trolleys when shopping. It would also allow our elderly to have a better trip home.
Tuesday, June 15, 2010
Elderly Challenge - Observation 3
Even with perfect eyesight since young, our eyesight would deteriorate as we grow older.
The above clip is a short comment from my Grandmother.
After coming home last week, my Grandmother began complaining about the hawker selling hor fun. She stated that one packet of hor fun was $4 and since she wanted to pack back, she needed to pay an extra $0.20. She gave the hawker $5 and in return, he gave her one 20 cent coin, one 10 cent coin and a bigger coin which she assumed was 50 cents. However, on the way home, she checked her money again and realised the hawker had given her a ren min bi (China money) $1 (which is equivalent to Singapore 20 cent) instead of giving her a 50 cent SGD. As such, she was "cheated".
I asked her why did she not check the money properly. She replied saying that she could not see clearly, only when she held it close to her eyes did she realise it was not a 50 cent. Below are the pictures of the ren min bi and 50 cent coin.
See how similar they are? Seniors would not be able to tell the difference at first sight.
Presbyopia (老花眼) is a common sign for elderly (although my Grandmother does not suffer from that cause she has short-sightedness instead) where they need to hold books or magazines at a distance to be able to read clearly. As such, I researched on the possible ways to help treat Presbyopia.
Possible ways to treat Presbyopia
- wear reading glasses
- wear bifocal eyeglasses
- surgery
- vision therapy
The treatments would involve the use of money and might be a burden for certain groups of elderly, even for vision therapy (you'll need a therapist to guide you through). As such, I feel that we could help raise money for the financially burdened seniors to help them see better and lead a better life.
The above clip is a short comment from my Grandmother.
After coming home last week, my Grandmother began complaining about the hawker selling hor fun. She stated that one packet of hor fun was $4 and since she wanted to pack back, she needed to pay an extra $0.20. She gave the hawker $5 and in return, he gave her one 20 cent coin, one 10 cent coin and a bigger coin which she assumed was 50 cents. However, on the way home, she checked her money again and realised the hawker had given her a ren min bi (China money) $1 (which is equivalent to Singapore 20 cent) instead of giving her a 50 cent SGD. As such, she was "cheated".
I asked her why did she not check the money properly. She replied saying that she could not see clearly, only when she held it close to her eyes did she realise it was not a 50 cent. Below are the pictures of the ren min bi and 50 cent coin.
See how similar they are? Seniors would not be able to tell the difference at first sight.
Presbyopia (老花眼) is a common sign for elderly (although my Grandmother does not suffer from that cause she has short-sightedness instead) where they need to hold books or magazines at a distance to be able to read clearly. As such, I researched on the possible ways to help treat Presbyopia.
Possible ways to treat Presbyopia
- wear reading glasses
- wear bifocal eyeglasses
- surgery
- vision therapy
The treatments would involve the use of money and might be a burden for certain groups of elderly, even for vision therapy (you'll need a therapist to guide you through). As such, I feel that we could help raise money for the financially burdened seniors to help them see better and lead a better life.
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
Elderly Challenge - Observation 2
The above video shows a short scene of my grandma preparing a meal. I have observed that she constantly "travels" between the chopping board, basin,stove and refrigerator. This is very tiring and tough for seniors like her.
Although the picture above is not clear, my grandma is actually trying to reach for the frozen meat in the refrigerator. I noticed she had trouble trying to get the frozen meat as she has to strain her arms to get it.
It is equally difficult for seniors to bend down to get vegetables from the refrigerator.
SIDE VIEW
As for the re
frigerator part, I proposed that the refrigerator uses sliding trays with bearings. The bearings is to allow the seniors to get frozen food without using much strength and thus they do not need to strain.The slid
ing tray would first be pulled horizontally.
Then slide down diagonally for the seniors to reach the food.
Wednesday, June 2, 2010
Elderly Challenge - Observation 1
Elderly taking their pets for walks is a common sight.
During walks, pets are likely to do their business among the plants or even on pavements. The elderly would then have to clean up after them. This task is difficult for some seniors who have problems bending down. At the same time, they would have to keep an eye on their pet to make sure that they don't run off, which makes the task doubly difficult. This is one of the challenges the elderly faces.
As such, I decided to work on designing a product which helps the seniors to pick up pets' wastes easily .
I started off designing a product which can be made from "normal" materials, without any use of technological machinery. The picture is a rough description of the product I have in mind.
The main aim of the product is to help the seniors to clean up after their pets easily and at the same time, make sure that their pets are safe with them.
Tuesday, June 1, 2010
Holiday work - Part 1: Understanding the ‘The Elderly Challenge’
Four key recommendations of the report
- Housing for the seniors
Singapore would be an elder-friendly place,with a range of housing options to meet the needs of the elderly
- Accessibility for the seniors
The built environment and transport system will be elder-friendly and allow seniors to lead active lives
- Caring for Seniors
Catering to elderly with different healthcare and eldercare needs
- Opportunities for Seniors
Allow elderly to lead active lifestyles, with healthy relationships and active involvement in the community
One way that the CAI report is recommending to make our public housing more elderly-friendly
- To provide housing with features which are elder-friendly. Such features include :
>lifts modified to stop on every floor
> non-slip floor tiles and a support hand bar in the toilet
> lever taps
> an alert alarm system
Two ways on how we can ensure that the quality of elderly care here in Singapore is affordable
- The Government could help seniors who can’t afford care by chipping in money for them
- We can have voluntary services to help take care of the elderly
The three things that I can do, as an SST student, to help overcome these elderly challenges
- I can observe the "daily routines" of the elderly to see what is the biggest barrier they are facing, hopefully to come up with a plan to help solve it
- I can do voluntary work to aid the financially burdened elderly
- I can communicate with the elderly and find out their views on the environment they are living in
- Housing for the seniors
Singapore would be an elder-friendly place,with a range of housing options to meet the needs of the elderly
- Accessibility for the seniors
The built environment and transport system will be elder-friendly and allow seniors to lead active lives
- Caring for Seniors
Catering to elderly with different healthcare and eldercare needs
- Opportunities for Seniors
Allow elderly to lead active lifestyles, with healthy relationships and active involvement in the community
One way that the CAI report is recommending to make our public housing more elderly-friendly
- To provide housing with features which are elder-friendly. Such features include :
>lifts modified to stop on every floor
> non-slip floor tiles and a support hand bar in the toilet
> lever taps
> an alert alarm system
Two ways on how we can ensure that the quality of elderly care here in Singapore is affordable
- The Government could help seniors who can’t afford care by chipping in money for them
- We can have voluntary services to help take care of the elderly
The three things that I can do, as an SST student, to help overcome these elderly challenges
- I can observe the "daily routines" of the elderly to see what is the biggest barrier they are facing, hopefully to come up with a plan to help solve it
- I can do voluntary work to aid the financially burdened elderly
- I can communicate with the elderly and find out their views on the environment they are living in
Friday, May 21, 2010
ADMT Open House
ADMT
Consists of Art, Design and Media, with Technology being pervasively used
Art: Basic skills like sketching and aesthetics appreciation are introduced to students to give them a foundation on the arts
Design: Knowledge on design consideration and appreciation are introduced to students
Media : Students are given and participated in media-rich and media-related projects and performance tasks so as to enable them to leverage on the use of media to communicate their ideas
Technology : infused into SST's teaching and learning and is consistently used in our lessons to deepen the teaching and learning experiences of the students
What we did in Semester 1, year 1
Photography : expose students to the basics of photography. Students are taught basic concepts like the rules of thirds and composition so as to be able to take better composed photos.
Sketching : students are taught basic sketching skills in isometric and different perspectives, so as to better able communicate ideas
Animation: students are tasked to produced a short under-1-minute animation clip that deals with the theme "Environment". Students work in groups and use paper cut outs and stop-motion methods to produce the animation.
Consists of Art, Design and Media, with Technology being pervasively used
Art: Basic skills like sketching and aesthetics appreciation are introduced to students to give them a foundation on the arts
Design: Knowledge on design consideration and appreciation are introduced to students
Media : Students are given and participated in media-rich and media-related projects and performance tasks so as to enable them to leverage on the use of media to communicate their ideas
Technology : infused into SST's teaching and learning and is consistently used in our lessons to deepen the teaching and learning experiences of the students
What we did in Semester 1, year 1
Photography : expose students to the basics of photography. Students are taught basic concepts like the rules of thirds and composition so as to be able to take better composed photos.
Sketching : students are taught basic sketching skills in isometric and different perspectives, so as to better able communicate ideas
Animation: students are tasked to produced a short under-1-minute animation clip that deals with the theme "Environment". Students work in groups and use paper cut outs and stop-motion methods to produce the animation.
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Personal Reflection (NEwater visit)
1. What are the 3 key takeaways from today’s visit?
-The process of making NEWater is not as simple as it seems.
-We must learn how to treasure and conserve water.
-Singapore has currently 4 methods in quenching Singapore’s high demands for water.
2. Name 2 concepts that you have learnt today during the visit.
-I learnt that bacteria and other harmful organisms will not pass through the selectively permeable membrane used in the "cleaning" process, thus making the household used water clean.
-The use of UV rays does not emphasize on the heat, but rather the intensity.
3. What is the 1 interesting thing that you have learnt today?
- I learnt that Singaporeans use 600 Olympic pools of water daily.
4.What are the things that you can do to help with water conservation in Singapore?
-I can save water by taking a shower instead of a bath.
-I can reuse water (eg. water for mopping the floor can be reused to water plants)
-The process of making NEWater is not as simple as it seems.
-We must learn how to treasure and conserve water.
-Singapore has currently 4 methods in quenching Singapore’s high demands for water.
2. Name 2 concepts that you have learnt today during the visit.
-I learnt that bacteria and other harmful organisms will not pass through the selectively permeable membrane used in the "cleaning" process, thus making the household used water clean.
-The use of UV rays does not emphasize on the heat, but rather the intensity.
3. What is the 1 interesting thing that you have learnt today?
- I learnt that Singaporeans use 600 Olympic pools of water daily.
4.What are the things that you can do to help with water conservation in Singapore?
-I can save water by taking a shower instead of a bath.
-I can reuse water (eg. water for mopping the floor can be reused to water plants)
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Personal Reflection (8th Mar 2010)
What are the 3 key takeaways from today’s lesson?
I learnt that we need to focus on our target audience in order to innovate a product.
I learnt that we need to prepare for our project presentation weeks before instead of a last minute rushed work.
I learnt that in order to successfully complete a project, every group member has to put in effort.
Name 2 concepts that you have learnt today pertaining to design and describe why is it important in design?
Designing is part of the planning process, meaning that we need a design of the prototype in order to make it so that we can minimise the mistakes we are going to make.
Designs have to be eye catching so that people would know and understand the idea behind the use of the object.
What is the 1 interesting thing that you have learnt today?
I learnt that we must be able to arouse people’s attention before implementing our ideas into the society, instead of just going ahead with our plans. I always thought that as long as we have the idea and prototype, we can go ahead to implement it in our world.
I learnt that we need to focus on our target audience in order to innovate a product.
I learnt that we need to prepare for our project presentation weeks before instead of a last minute rushed work.
I learnt that in order to successfully complete a project, every group member has to put in effort.
Name 2 concepts that you have learnt today pertaining to design and describe why is it important in design?
Designing is part of the planning process, meaning that we need a design of the prototype in order to make it so that we can minimise the mistakes we are going to make.
Designs have to be eye catching so that people would know and understand the idea behind the use of the object.
What is the 1 interesting thing that you have learnt today?
I learnt that we must be able to arouse people’s attention before implementing our ideas into the society, instead of just going ahead with our plans. I always thought that as long as we have the idea and prototype, we can go ahead to implement it in our world.
Friday, February 12, 2010
Photography - people
Girl walking around the field, enjoying the nature.
girl: Norul
It is the bridge that connects people together.
Happy group of students excited to go back to class.
Saturday, February 6, 2010
photography
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY
There's a list of different types of photography in the url above. I will just name 10.
Advertising Photography
Astronomical Photography
Baby Photography
Black and White Photography
Cityscape Photography
Documentary photography
Family photography
Fine art photography
Food photography
Nature photography
EQUIPMENTS
Camera Bodies
it is important to have at least 2 cameras with you at all times. this enables you to be ready to capture anything at any time.
Lenses
the lenses you choose depends on the type of photography you are offering.Have a variety to use in many circumstances.
Flash Cards
Having a variety of flash cards handy is a must.If you have an error in your card , you’re better off using a variety of cards for different portions of your shoot than having one with a large capacity.
Flash units and Lighting Options
you will need to have at least one on-camera flash unit, and at least one stand alone flash unit for a more controlled light source.
Accessories
Depending on the type of shooting you are doing, you may need additional items to help you perform.
Cases and Storage
Storage cases are very important, especially for the photographer that shoots on location.They will protect your films
APERTURE
What Is Aperture?
The main function of a camera lens is to collect light. The aperture of a lens is the diameter of the lens opening and is usually controlled by an iris. The larger the diameter of the aperture, the more light reaches the film / image sensor. Aperture size is usually calibrated in f-numbers or f-stops. i.e. those little numbers engraved on the lens barrel like f22 (f/22),16 (f/16), f/11, f/8.0, f/5.6, f/4.0, f/2.8, f/2.0, f/1.8 etc. Each of this value represents one time the amount of light either more or less in quantity. i.e f/16 will let in 1X the amount of light than a diaphragm opening of f/22 .an aperture of f/4.0 will let in 1X lesser than that of f/2.8
FOCUS
There are various methods to focusing depending on the type of subject being photographed. With portrait and animal photography, whether it is man or beast, the most important part of the image to capture sharply is the eyes.
SHUTTER SPEED
What is shutter speed ?
shutter speed is ‘the amount of time that the shutter is open’.
Shutter speed is measured in seconds – or in most cases fractions of seconds. The bigger the denominator the faster the speed (ie 1/1000 is much faster than 1/30).
ISO SPEED
Whether you shoot with film or use a digital camera, your choice of ISO has a direct impact on the combination of apertures and shutter speeds you can use.The job of ISO is to gather the light that comes through the lens and make an image.
i.e If my camera is set for ISO 100, I have, in effect, 100 worker bees; and if your camera is set for ISO 200, you have 200 worker bees.If both of us set our lenses at the same aperture of f/5.6—meaning that the same volume of light will be coming through our lenses—who will record the image the quickest, you or me? You will, since you have twice as many worker bees at ISO 200 than I do at ISO 100.
METERING
Metering is a process which involves the camera taking a light level reading from the scene and selecting the appropriate combination of aperture and shutter speed to set the required exposure value. There are various types of metering which can be set, and these change the way the light levels are read by the camera.
Centre-weighted
a metering is taken from the whole of the scene first, then the central spot. The result is the average reading, but with extra weight given to the central part.
Zone metering
a type of metering which takes readings from several different areas - or zones - within the scene to produce a calculated average.
Spot metering
Spot metering takes a reading from a very small part of the image (between 1 and 5 per cent), and ignores the exposure of the rest of the scene.
WHITE BALANCE
White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo the reason we adjust white balance is to get the colors in your images as accurate as possible.
COMPOSITIONS
Point of Interest
When you've determined which area is the most important to you, you can compose to emphasize it.
Simplicity
it is important to keep your picture with just a few main subjects if there are numerous objects cluttering up the background, your message will be lost.
Contrast
A light subject will have more impact if placed against a dark background and vice versa.
Balance
placing the main subject off-center and balancing the "weight" with other objects (smaller or lower impact) will be more effective than placing the subject in the center.b
Framing
A "frame" in a photograph is something in the foreground that leads you into the picture or gives you a sense of where the viewer is. For example, a branch and some leaves framing a shot of rolling hills and a valley, or the edge of an imposing rock face leading into a shot of a canyon.
Viewpoint
You can often change a picture dramatically by moving the camera up or down or, stepping to one side. One of the best ways to come up with a prize-winning photograph is to find an "unusual" point of view.
Direction of movement
When the subject is capable of movement,it is best to leave space in front of the subject so it appears to be moving into the photograph
Diagonals Linear elements such as roads, waterways, and fences placed diagonally are generally perceived as more dynamic than horizontals. |
Rule of Thirds
The exact center of any composition is not a satisfying place for the viewer's eye to come to rest. With the main subject placed in the center, the viewer is less likely to explore the rest of the photograph.
TECHNIQUES
Panning
Taking a picture properly while moving the camera so it tracks with the subject's movement
Taking a picture properly while moving the camera so it tracks with the subject's movement
Two things to keep in mind are temperature and light
There are some strange and unusual ways of approaching photography and its many uses.
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